Sample interview questions: Describe the principles behind laser-induced thermal therapy and its applications in cancer treatment.
Sample answer:
Laser-induced thermal therapy (LITT) is a minimally invasive cancer treatment that uses focused laser energy to generate precise and localized regions of necrosis within the target tissue, resulting in tumor ablation and destruction.
Principles of LITT:
-
Laser Energy Absorption: Laser radiation is delivered to the target tissue through optical fibers or probes, and it is absorbed by molecules within the tissue, such as water, melanin, and hemoglobin. This absorption leads to localized heating of the tissue.
-
Temperature Elevation: The absorbed laser energy causes a rapid increase in the temperature of the targeted tissue, leading to coagulative necrosis and cell death. The extent of cell death depends on the laser power, exposure time, and the target tissue’s thermal sensitivity.
-
Controlled Tissue Ablation: By precisely controlling the laser parameters and targeting specific regions of the tumor, LITT can induce controlled tissue ablation without damaging surrounding healthy tissues. This minimizes collateral damage and preserves critical structures near the tumor.
Applications of LITT in Cancer Treatment:
-
Solid Tumors: LITT is used to treat a wide range of solid tumors, including liver, lung, kidney, pancreas, brain, and breast cancers. It is particularly beneficial for tumors that are difficult to reach or resect surgically, such as those located deep within the body or near critical structures.
-
Brain Tumors: LITT is a promising treatment option for brain tumors, as it offers a minimally invasive approach to tumor removal. It can be used to target both primary and metastatic brain tumors while minimizing the risk of complications associated with open surgery.
-
Liver Cancers: LITT is an effective treatment for primary and metastatic liver tumors. It allows for precise ablation of tumors while preserving surrounding healthy liver tissue. LITT can also be used to treat liver tumors that are not suitable for surgical resection or other ablative techniques.
-
Lung Cancers: LITT is used to treat both central and peripheral lung tumors. It offers a bronchoscopic approach, allowing for direct visualization of the tumor during laser ablation. LITT can be used as a primary treatment or in combination with other therapies, such as surgery or radiation therapy.
-
Other Applications: LITT is also being investigated for the treat… Read full answer