Sample interview questions: Can you explain the principles behind genetic engineering techniques such as CRISPR-Cas9 and their applications in biomedical research?
Sample answer:
CRISPR-Cas9: Principles and Applications
CRISPR-Cas9 is a gene-editing technique based on a bacterial defense mechanism against invading viruses. It consists of two main components:
- Cas9 enzyme: A DNA-cutting enzyme (endonuclease) guided to specific DNA sequences by an RNA molecule called a guide RNA (gRNA).
- gRNA: A small RNA molecule complementary to the target DNA sequence, directing Cas9 to the desired location for precise cutting.
Principle:
- The gRNA binds to the target DNA sequence, forming a complex with Cas9.
- Cas9 unwinds the DNA double helix, creating a bulge.
- Cas9 cuts both strands of DNA at the target site, creating a double-strand break (DSB).
- If the target gene is essential for cell survival, the DSB can trigger DNA repair pathways that lead to cell death or mutations.
- If the gRNA is designed to target a non-essential region of the gene, the DSB can be repaired using a template or by inserting a new DNA fragment.
Applications in Biomedical Research:
CRISPR-Cas9 has revolutionized biomedica… Read full answer
Source: https://hireabo.com/job/5_1_12/Biomedical%20Scientist