Sample interview questions: Discuss the principles of thermodynamics in the context of biological systems.
Sample answer:
Principles of Thermodynamics in Biological Systems
First Law of Thermodynamics (Energy Conservation):
In biological systems, energy undergoes various transformations and exchanges during metabolic processes and cellular activities. The first law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another. This principle ensures that the total energy within a closed biological system remains constant.
Second Law of Thermodynamics (Entropy and Disorder):
Entropy, a measure of disorder, increases over time in isolated systems. Biological systems are generally considered open systems that exchange energy and matter with their surroundings. However, within a cell or organism, entropy can also increase locally. This principle drives the spontaneous processes of life, such as the diffusion of molecules and the breakdown of complex structures.
Third Law of Thermodynamics (Absolute Zero and Perfect Crystallinity):
At absolute zero (-273.15°C), entropy reaches its minimum value for a perfect crystal. In biological systems, this principle has implications for the stability of biomolecules at low temperatures. Nucleic acids, proteins, and other molecules exhibit distinct thermodynamic properties that influence their folding and function under different environmental conditions.
Gibbs Free Energy and Biological Processes:
The Gibbs free energy (G) is a thermodynamic potential that can predict the spontaneity and e… Read full answer