Sample interview questions: How do you assess the electrical properties and carrier transport in materials in your research?
Sample answer:
In order to assess the electrical properties and carrier transport in materials during my research as a Physics > Materials Scientist, I employ a combination of experimental techniques and theoretical models. These approaches allow me to investigate the behavior of charge carriers and understand how they move through various materials.
One of the primary experimental techniques I use is electrical characterization. This involves measuring the electrical conductivity, resistivity, and Hall effect of materials. To do this, I design and fabricate devices such as field-effect transistors, Hall effect sensors, or van der Pauw structures specifically tailored to the material under investigation. By applying a voltage and measuring the resulting current, I can determine the electrical conductivity and resistivity of the material. Additionally, by applying a magnetic field perpendicular to the current flow and measuring the resulting voltage, I can extract information about the charge carriers’ mobility, density, and type (electrons or holes).
Another important aspect of assessing electrical properties is spectroscopic techniques. For instance, I employ techniques such as impedance spectroscopy or capacitance-voltage measurements to study the frequency-dependent behavior of materials’ electrical response. These measurements provide valuable insights into the charge carrier dynamics, including their trapping and recombination processes, as well as their mobility and density.
In addition to experimental techniques, I also utilize theoretical models and simulations to gain a deeper understanding of carrier transport in… Read full answer
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