Can you explain the concept of excitons and their significance in solid-state physics?

Sample interview questions: Can you explain the concept of excitons and their significance in solid-state physics?

Sample answer:

Excitons

In solid-state physics, excitons are elementary quasiparticles that describe the bounded state of an electron and a hole. They are formed when an electron is excited from the valence band to the conduction band, leaving behind a positively charged hole. The electron and hole are attracted to each other through the Coulomb interaction, forming a bound state analogous to a hydrogen atom.

Types of Excitons

  • Frenkel excitons: The electron and hole are localized on the same lattice site. They are typically found in ionic crystals and organic materials.
  • Wannier-Mott excitons: The electron and hole are separated by a significant distance, typically on the order of the lattice constant. They are typically found in semiconductors and insulators.

Significance in Solid-State Physics

Excitons play a crucial role in various physical phenomena:

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