Sample interview questions: Explain the concept of flow control using active and passive techniques in biomedical engineering.
Sample answer:
Active Flow Control Techniques
- Closed-loop control systems: Use sensors to monitor flow conditions and adjust actuation devices (e.g., valves, pumps) in real-time to achieve desired outcomes.
- Open-loop control systems: Pre-programmed to actuate devices based on assumed or predetermined flow conditions, without feedback.
- Microfluidic actuators: MEMS-based devices that manipulate flow using electromagnetic forces, heat, or other mechanisms.
- Superhydrophobic coatings: Surfaces designed to repel water and create air pockets that reduce friction and enhance flow.
- Magnetic nanoparticles: Suspensions of magnetic nanoparticles interact with external magnetic fields to locally alter flow patterns.
Passive Flow Control Techniques
- Geometry optimization: Altering the shape and dimensions of flow channels or devices to influence flow behavior (e.g., streamline flow, reduce turbulence).
- Surface modifications: Coating surfaces with materials that modify friction, wettability, or elasticity to manipulate flow patterns.
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